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2015 - Paris Agreement
Adopted on December 12, 2015, during COP21, this international treaty marked a paradigm shift by committing almost all nations to reduce their emissions. Its central objective is to limit the increase in global temperature to below 2°C (ideally 1.5°C), through national targets that are reviewed every five years to achieve carbon neutrality.
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1987 - Montreal Protocol
Signed on September 16, 1987, this international treaty was designed to protect the ozone layer. It was an unprecedented milestone in environmental diplomacy, as it was the first UN treaty to achieve universal ratification, demonstrating that global cooperation can reverse critical ecological damage on a planetary scale.
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1930s - Protection of the Great Barrier Reef
In the 1930s, Queensland, Australia, began implementing regulations that limited coral harvesting and protected key reef areas. These measures marked an early step in its conservation and in recognizing its ecological fragility.
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1918 - Wildlife Conservation
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 was the first major triumph of environmental diplomacy. It emerged to curb the extinction of species caused by the fashion industry (which used feathers in hats) and elevated bird protection to the level of an international treaty between the U.S. and Canada.
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2018 - Extinction of the Ayoloco Glacier
Around 2018, the Ayoloco glacier, located on the Iztaccíhuatl volcano, was declared extinct due to rising temperatures. Its disappearance became a symbol of the impact of climate change on high-mountain ecosystems in Mexico.
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2010 - Oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico
On April 20, 2010, the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico caused the largest accidental oil spill in history: nearly 800 million liters of oil were released over 87 days. The disaster devastated marine ecosystems and prompted stricter civil liability laws and emergency response protocols at sea.
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1986 - Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
On April 26, 1986, the explosion of reactor 4 in Ukraine released 400 times more radiation than Hiroshima. This accident transformed global nuclear safety, prompting international cooperation protocols and creating a 30-km exclusion zone that now serves as a study area for wild ecological regeneration.
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17th-18th Centuries - Deforestation in France driven by shipbuilding
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the high demand for timber for shipbuilding led to intense deforestation in France. In 1669, Jean-Baptiste Colbert promoted the Ordinance of Forests to regulate its use and ensure supply for the State.
This problem was not unique to France: throughout Europe, the exploitation of forests generated a shortage of timber, increased its value, and led the great powers to seek this resource in other territories, including their colonies.
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